Understanding the Process of Storing Helium in Containers

Helium is a vital gas used in numerous applications, from medical and scientific research to industrial processes. The process of storing helium in containers is critical to ensure its safe and efficient use. Here’s an in-depth look at how helium is stored in containers and the safety measures involved in the process.

Extraction of Helium

The first step in the process is helium extraction. Helium is found naturally in small quantities within natural gas fields. To extract helium, the natural gas is cooled and subjected to pressure reduction. This process separates helium from the natural gas mixture.

Purification of Helium

Once extracted, the helium gas undergoes a purification process to remove impurities. This is often done through cryogenic distillation, a method that involves cooling the gas to extremely low temperatures. At these temperatures, other gases condense and separate from helium.

Compression of Helium

After purification, helium is compressed to reduce its volume and increase its density. This is achieved using high-pressure compressors. Highly compressed helium can achieve pressures of several hundred atmospheres, making it suitable for storage in high-pressure cylinders.

Filling Containers

The compressed helium is then transferred into storage containers, usually high-pressure cylinders made of steel or aluminum. These containers are designed to withstand the high pressure of the gas, ensuring safe storage and transportation.

Safety Measures

Throughout the filling process, strict safety measures are implemented to prevent leaks and ensure the containers are filled to the correct pressure. These include the use of pressure relief valves and regular maintenance of the filling equipment.

Storage and Distribution

Once filled, the helium containers are stored in a safe environment and can be distributed for various uses, including scientific research, medical applications, and industrial processes.

Further Considerations for Filling Helium Containers

While it is not strictly necessary to pump the air out of the container before filling it with helium, doing so keeps the helium purer. To fill a container, connect it to a container of compressed helium. If the pressure is not sufficient, a compressor can be added to increase the helium flow.

Addressing the initial challenge of filling the first container, helium is often sourced from natural gas wells with a high percentage (at least 0.3%, and up to 10% in some cases) of helium. The extracted gas is cooled until all components except helium have liquefied, and the liquid is drained. The resulting product is often pure enough for many purposes and can be further processed, typically through fractional distillation, to achieve even higher purity levels.