Understanding LPG Cylinder Safety: Do They Burst Instantly After Fire Contact or Can Oxygen Supply Be Cut Off?
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders are commonly used for cooking, heating, and other applications. However, concerns often arise about their safety, particularly in scenarios involving fire. It is crucial to understand how LPG cylinders behave in such situations and the measures to take to prevent accidents. This article will clarify whether an LPG cylinder will burst instantly upon contact with fire or whether cutting off the oxygen supply can help mitigate the situation.
LPG Cylinder Safety in Fire Situations
Contrary to common belief, LPG cylinders do not burst instantly upon contact with fire. Several factors influence the outcome of a fire involving an LPG cylinder:
Temperature and Pressure
When exposed to fire, the temperature of the cylinder increases, leading to an increase in the pressure of the gas inside. As LPG cylinders are designed to withstand high pressures, they can generally remain intact under normal conditions. However, if the temperature exceeds safe limits, the cylinder can eventually fail. This failure can be further exacerbated by prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
Oxygen Supply
Cutting off the oxygen supply near an LPG cylinder can help mitigate the fire in some situations. However, this is not always practical, especially in uncontrolled fire scenarios. Additionally, if the cylinder is already compromised due to heat, it may still rupture. It is essential to prioritize safety by evacuating the area and calling emergency services.
Safety Features
Most LPG cylinders are equipped with safety features such as pressure relief valves. These valves help prevent explosions by releasing gas if the pressure becomes too high. The relief valve can release excess pressure when the temperature and pressure inside the cylinder rise, providing an additional layer of protection.
Fire Control
In the event of a fire involving an LPG cylinder, prioritizing safety is crucial. Evacuate the area immediately and call emergency services. Firefighting efforts should focus on controlling the fire and preventing the cylinder from overheating, which can lead to a greater risk of rupture.
Our team was called to a train derailment incident involving a propane tanker. The tank remained intact and undamaged, highlighting the effectiveness of the safety features in LPG cylinders. The manufacturers deserve a super high five for their robust design.
It is also important to note that LPG cylinders are not flammable. Cutting off the oxygen supply may help stop the fire impinging on the vapor space of the tank. However, the contents of the cylinder will probably heat up enough to blow off pressure via the relief valve. This does not relieve all the pressure but only the excess pressure above the set point of the valve.
The Dangers of Rupture
When a tank is in a very hot fire, the contents within will heat up and release gas, which can cause the cylinder to explode. This explosion can appear as a violent rupture, resembling an explosion. The sudden release of hot liquid vaporizes instantly and becomes flammable when mixing with air, creating a flash fire.
Most of the damage from an LPG cylinder fire comes from the rupture, rather than the burning gas. Trying to cut off the oxygen supply once a rupture has occurred will not be effective, as the flash fire will be over in an instant anyway.
To ensure safety, it is crucial to understand these factors and react appropriately in fire situations involving LPG cylinders. Prioritizing evacuation and calling emergency services can help prevent accidents and minimize damage.