Peter the Great’s Disguise and the Reality of His Slumber in the Netherlands

Peter the Great is a name that has become synonymous with the modernization of Russia through his various initiatives, which included a grand diplomatic and educational journey known as the Grand Embassy. During this time, he famously disguised himself as a carpenter to learn about shipbuilding in the Netherlands. Was anyone truly fooled by his disguise? Let us explore the reality of this intriguing episode in historical records and contemporary analyses.

Disguise as a Carpenter

During his stay in the Netherlands, Peter the Great decided to disguise himself as a carpenter to learn the intricacies of shipbuilding from local craftsmen. His primary goal was to gain practical experience and uncover valuable knowledge that could be applied to modernizing the Russian Navy. Although he was able to work alongside local builders, his true identity likely remained concealed from most people. Visitors to the Dutch Republic in the early 18th century would have noted Peter’s towering stature, standing at an impressive 6'8" (2 meters), which would have made it difficult for him to remain anonymous even while engaging in mundane tasks.

Why a Carpenter?

Some historians believe that Peter’s decision to disguise himself as a carpenter was more about circumventing the pomp and ritual of royal visits rather than pretending to be a mere laborer. The Great Embassy, as his journey was known, allowed him to interact with European royalty and officials while blending in with local craftsmen. In reality, despite his insistence on incognito travel under the name 'Peter Michaeloff,' his presence and height made him a prominent figure throughout his journey.

Witnesses and Perceptions

Despite Peter’s efforts to remain inconspicuous, several witnesses and accounts suggest that his disguise was not entirely successful. The Zaandam blacksmith Gerrit Kist, whom Peter met during his initial travels, was compelled to host the royal visitor in his home despite his protests. Kist, recognizing that his humble dwelling might not be suitable for a future tsar, had his widow move out. Peter spent a week as a guest in Kist's home, engaging in conversations and observations that were difficult to conceal.

While Kist did not outwardly reveal the identity of his guest, it did not take long for Peter to be recognized. Modern interpretations of historical records suggest that Peter’s towering height and unconventional behavior (unshackled by royal conventions) would have made it nearly impossible for him to pass as an ordinary carpenter. His observation of shipbuilding techniques and other trades was directly facilitated by his privileged status and access to valuable resources.

Learning and Modernization

Peter’s journey to the Netherlands allowed him to gather essential information about the most advanced shipbuilding practices of the time. The Dutch Republic, known for its progressive industries and skilled craftsmen, provided a fertile ground for Peter’s learning. In 1717, he returned to the oil painting industry for a short period, and he even helped build a ship for himself, named the Peter and Paul, demonstrating his newfound knowledge and skills.

Political Considerations

In the broader context of European politics, Peter the Great’s journey did not go unnoticed. His visit to the Netherlands was perceived as a strategic move to gain support for Russia’s interests. At the time, the Dutch were not particularly concerned with promoting rivalries between European powers, but they did see an opportunity to gather intelligence and potentially support a nascent modernizing Russia. The English, under William III, a Dutch-born king, were not particularly worried about Russian expansionism and were more focused on the ongoing War of the Spanish Succession. France, Peter’s primary concern, was resented by the Dutch due to its support of the Ottoman Empire.

In conclusion, while Peter the Great’s disguise as a carpenter may have served a symbolic purpose, it was not entirely successful in concealing his true identity. His journey was facilitated by his privileged position and the wealth of knowledge gathered in the Netherlands played a crucial role in Russia’s modernization efforts.